Quantum Computer
Most of our history, human technology consisted of our brain's fire and sharp sticks while fire and sharp sticks became power plants and nuclear weapons. The biggest upgrade has happened to our brain Fans since the 1960s the power of our brain machines has kept growing exponentially.
Allowing computers to get smaller and more powerful at the same time but this the process is about to meet its physical limits computer parts are approaching the size of an atom to understand why this is a problem.
We have to clear up some basics a computer is made up of very simple components doing very simple things representing data.
The means of processing it and control mechanisms, computer chips contain modules. which contain, logic gates which contain transistors a transistor is the simplest.
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Quantum Computer |
Transistors are combined to create logic gates which still do very simple stuff, for example, an and gate sends an output of 1 if all of its inputs are 1 and an output of 0 otherwise combinations of logic gates.
Finally, form meaningful modules say for adding two numbers once you can add you can also multiply, and once you can multiply you can basically do anything since all basic operations
are literally simpler.
Then first grade the math you can imagine a computer as a group of 7-year-olds answering ready basic math questions, a large enough bunch of them could compute anything. From astrophysics to Zelda, however with parts getting Tanya and Tanya quantum physics are making things tricky in a nutshell a transistor is just electric switch electricity is electrons moving from one place to another so a switch is a passage.
That can block electrons from moving in one direction. Today a typical scale for transistors are 14 nanometers which are about eight times less than the HIV the malware is diameter and 500 times smaller than a red blood cell as transistors are shrinking to the size of only a few atoms electrons may just transfer, themselves to the other side of a blocked passage via a process called.
Quantum tunneling in the quantum realm physics works quite differently from the predictable ways we're used to and traditional, computers just stopped making sense we are approaching a real the physical barrier for our technological progress to solve this problem scientists are trying to use these unusual quantum properties to their advantage by building quantum computers in normal computers, bits are the smallest units of information quantum computers use qubits which can also be
set to one of two values a qubit, can be any two-level quantum system such as spin and a magnetic field or a single photon zero, and one of these system possible states like the photons horizontal or vertical polarization in the quantum world.
The qubit doesn't have to be in just one of those it can be in any proportions of both states at once. This is called superposition but as soon as you test its value say by sending the photon through a filter. It has to decide to be either vertically or horizontally polarized so as long as it's unobserved the qubit is in a superposition of probabilities for 0 & 1 and you can't predict.
Which it will be but the instance you measure collapses into one of the definite States. Superposition is a game-changer for classical bits that can be in one of two to the power of four different configurations at a time that's 16 possible combinations out of which you can use just one for qubits in superposition, however, can be in all of those 16 combinations at once this. The number grows exponentially with each extra qubit twenty of them can already store a million values, in parallel already weird and unintuitive property qubits can have is entanglement.
A close connection that makes each of the qubits react to a change, in the other state instantaneously no matter, how far are apart this means that when measuring just one entangled qubit you can directly deduce properties of its partners without having to look qubit manipulation, is a mind-bender as well a normal logic gate gets a simple set of inputs and produces one definite output.
A quantum gate manipulates an input of superpositions rotates probabilities and produces another superposition as its output. So a quantum computer sets up some qubits apply quantum gates to entangle them and manipulate probabilities, and finally measures the outcome collapsing superpositions to the actual sequence of 0 and 1. What this means is that you get the entire a lot of calculations, that are possible.
With your setup all done at the same time ultimately, you can only measure one of the results and it will only probably be the one you want so you may have to
double-check and try again. But by cleverly exploiting superposition and entanglement this can be exponentially more efficient. Then it would ever be possible on a normal computer.
So while quantum computers will probably not replace our home computers, in some
areas they are vastly superior one of them is database searching to find something in a database. A normal computer may have to test every single one of its entries quantum algorithms leads only the square root of that time which for large databases is a huge difference the most famous use of quantum computers are running IT security. Right now you're browsing email and
banking data is being kept secure by an encryption system in which you give everyone, a public key to encode messages only you can decode the problem, is that this public key can actually be used to
calculate your secret private key luckily doing the necessary math on any a normal computer would. literally, take years of trial and error but a quantum computer with exponential speed-up could do it.
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