Arduino/Arduino UNO/arduino /what is ARDUINO

 Arduino/Arduino UNO/Arduino /what is ARDUINO

       If you like tinkering with electronics. But time constraints and a lack of knowledge or preventing, you from making a start then Arduino is the solution.

  what is Arduino: 

         Arduino is a microcontroller-based open-source
electronic prototyping boar. Which can be programmed with an easy-to-use. Arduino IDE Arduino consists of both the physical programmable circuit board and a piece of software. The Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C/C++ making it easier to learn. The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with electronics and for good reason.

       The Uno is one of the more popular boards in the Arduino family and a great choice for beginners. In this topic, I will talk about it.

       what's on it and what it can do the major components of the Arduino UNO board are the following USB connector, power ports, microcontroller analog input pins, digital pins, reset switch, crystal oscillator USB interface chip Tx/Rx LED.

USB connector:

      The first component is the USB connector this is a printer USB port used to load a program, from the Arduino ide onto the Arduino board this board can also be powered through this port.

power ports:
      The next component is power ports the Arduino board can be powered through an AC to DC adaptor or a battery the power source can be connected by plugging in a 2.1-millimeter center-positive plug into the power jack of the board. The Arduino UNO
board operates at a voltage of 5 volts but it can withstand a maximum voltage of 12 volts if the board is supplied, with a higher voltage. There is a voltage regulator it sits between the power port and the USB connector. That protects the board from burning out.

Microcontroller: 

           Now let's take a look at a very important component microcontroller. It is the most prominently visible black rectangular chip with 28 pins think of it as the brains of your Arduino the microcontroller. Used on the UNO board is atmega328p by Atmel a major microcontroller manufacturer, atmega328p has the following components in its flash memory of 32 kb, the program loaded from the Arduino ide is stored here Ram of 2 Kb. This is runtime memory CPU it controls everything that goes on withiN the device. It fetches the program instructions from flash memory and runs. It with the help of RAM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory(EEPROM) of 1 KB. This is a type of non-volatile memory and it keeps the data even after device restart and reset.

          Atmega328p is pre-programmed with a bootloader. This allows you to directly upload a new Arduino program into the device, without using any external Hardware programmer, making the Arduino UNO board easy to use.

analog input:      

         Analog input pins the Arduino UN o board has analog input pins labeled "analog 0 to 5". These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor such as a temperature sensor and convert it into a digital value for system understanding.

These pins just measure voltage and not the current because they have very high internal resistance. Hence, only a small amount of current flows through these pins.

Although these pins are labeled analog and our analog inputs by default, these pins can also be used for digital input or output.

Arduino digital pins:

        Now let's look at digital pins you can find these pins labeled 'digital 0 to 13' these pins can be used as either input or output pins. When used as output these pins act as a power supply source for the components that can be acted to it and when used as input pens, they read the signals from the component connected to them.
       When digital pins are used as output pins they supply 40
milliamps of current at five volts. Which is more than enough to light an LED. Some of the digital pins are labeled with the tilde symbol next to the pin numbers(pin numbers 3 5 6 9 10 and 11). These pins act as normal digital pins but can also be used for pulse width modulation(PWM). Which simulates analog output such as fading and LED in and out.

Arduino reset switch:

       Reset switch when this switch is clicked, it sends a logical pulse to the reset pin of the microcontroller and now runs the program again from the start. This can be very useful if your code doesn't repeat and you want to test it multiple times.

Arduino crystal oscillator:

       The crystal oscillator is a quartz crystal oscillator which takes 16 million times a second on each tick the microcontroller performs one operation, for example, addition, subtraction, etc.

Arduino USB Interface chief:
   
        Think of this as a signal translator. It converts signals in the USB level to a level that an Arduino un o board.

Arduino TX Rx indicator:

        TX-Rx indicator TX stands for transmitting and Rx to receive these are indicator LED. Which blink whether the UNO board is transmitting or receiving data.

 Now that you've explored the Arduino UNO board you have started your journey toward building your first internet-of-things prototype.

started:
 buy your Arduino and install Arduino ide. The libraries get familiar, with the ide and the programming language by practicing now bring your ideas to life you.

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